INVITES :
- Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga (Université Carlos III Madrid);
- Jérôme Valette (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne).
HORAIRES ET LIEU :
- 16:30–19:00
- PSE, 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris, Salle R1-09
RESUMES :
Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga (Université Carlos III Madrid)
Processing time and the location choice of asylum seekers across European countries (travail conjoint avec Simone Bertoli et Herbert Brücker)
More than 3 million asylum seekers arrived into Europe between 2014 and 2016. We analyze the role of policy measures taken at destination on the choices of asylum seekers. We bring to the data a gravity equation that reflects the different types of uncertainty that asylum seekers face, notably concerning the chances of obtaining refugee protection, the processing time and the risk of repatriation. These policy measures contributed to shape the distribution of asylum seekers across European countries, and produced heterogeneous effects across different origin countries. German efforts to expand their processing capacity produced a significant increase in applications from origins with high recognition rates, which were mostly diverted away from Sweden.
Jérôme Valette (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)
Border Apprehensions, Salience of Hispanic Identity and Sentences in the US Federal Criminal Justice System (travail conjoint avec Simone Bertoli et Morgane Laouenan)
This paper provides econometric evidence that Hispanic citizens receive significantly harsher sentences in the US Federal Criminal Justice System when there is an increase in the number of illegal aliens that are apprehended along the US-Mexico border. Conversely, sentences that Hispanic immigrants receive remain unaffected. We interpret that this effect is due to the induced increase in the salience of Hispanic ethnic identity (in response to an increase in media attention and public interest towards im migration), which is often associated with negative stereotypes such as a propensity to commit crimes. This blurs the distinction between Hispanics citizens and immigrants, thus eroding the usual differential in sentences between the two groups. The proposed interpretation is corroborated by the analysis of the heterogeneity of the results along several dimensions. Notably, the estimated effect is at play when judges have fewer elements to base their decisions and the increase in sentence length is such that it remains within the US Sentencing Commission guideline prescribed range.